UNCERTAIN TRANSLATION, UNCERTAIN BENEFIT AND UNCERTAIN RISK: ETHICAL CHALLENGES FACING FIRST-IN-HUMAN TRIALS OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM (IPS) CELLS

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Challenges and Opportunities

Regenerative capacity of mammals is limited and can rarely regenerate a specific organ or tissue fully. Due to these limitations, regenerative medicine seeks efficient and safe cell sources for regeneration of damaged tissues and organs or treatment for incurable diseases. Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) hold two important properties called self renewal and pluripotency. However, the use of ...

Facing the future in uncertain times.

induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and opportunities

regenerative capacity of mammals is limited and can rarely regenerate a specific organ or tissue fully. due to these limitations, regenerative medicine seeks efficient and safe cell sources for regeneration of damaged tissues and organs or treatment for incurable diseases. human embryonic stem cells (hescs) hold two important properties called self renewal and pluripotency. however, the use of ...

Uncertain Inferences and Uncertain Conclusions

Uncertainty may be taken to characterize in­ ferences, their conclusions, their premises or all three. Under some treatments of uncer­ tainty, the inference itself is never character­ ized by uncertainty. We explore both the sig­ nificance of uncertainty in the premises and in the conclusion of an argument that in­ volves uncertainty. We argue that for un­ certainty to characterize the conclusi...

Uncertain<T>: A First-Order Type for Uncertain Data

Sampled data from sensors, the web, and people is inherently probabilistic. Because programming languages use discrete types (floats, integers, and booleans), applications, ranging from GPS navigation to web search to polling, express and reason about uncertainty in idiosyncratic ways. This mismatch causes three problems. (1) Using an estimate as a fact introduces errors (walking through walls)...